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Microwave digestion for the determination of arsenic, cadmium and lead in seafood products by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry
![Arsenic Arsenic](/uploads/1/1/7/9/117936306/473405967.jpg)
Arsenic is a crystalline metalloid found in the Earth's crust, but in its free form it is quite rare. Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 74.92160; Density: 5.776 grams per cubic. Atomic Mass of Arsenic Atomic mass of Arsenic is 74.9216 u. Arsenic (As) Atomic Data for Arsenic (As) Atomic Number = 33 Atomic Weight = 74.9216 Reference E95: Isotope: Mass: Abundance: Spin: Mag Moment: 75 As: 74.921594: 100%: 3/2 +1.43947: As I Ground State 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 1 0 4s 2 4p 3 4 S. Isotope abundances of arsenic. In the above, the most intense ion is set to 100% since this corresponds best to the output from a mass spectrometer. This is not to be confused with the relative percentage isotope abundances which totals 100% for all the naturally occurring isotopes. It's been used since ancient times, but the first recorded use was in 1250 when Albert the Great, an alchemist, heated a compound containing arsenic. Discovered by: Albert the Great aka Albertus Magnus: Common Compounds: Arsenic acid (H 3 A 5 O 4) Arsenous acid (As(OH) 3) Arsenic trisulfide (As 2 S 3), a yellow mineral used as a pigment.
Abstract
A single microwave digestion procedure was developed for use with a variety of seafood products. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry were used to determine the levels of As, Cd and Pb in samples of tuna, salmon, shrimp, walleye, clams, oysters and lobster. The precision for ten replicate analyses of clams was 2.1% for As at the 10.0 µg g–1 level, 5.6% for Pb at the 0.067 µg g–1 level and 2.5% for Cd at the 0.079 µg g–1 level. Acceptable spike recoveries in each of the sample types were achieved using both detection methods. Results for two standard reference materials were in good agreement with certified values
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Chemical properties of arsenic - Health effects of arsenic - Environmental effects of arsenic
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Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements that can be found. Despite their toxic effect, inorganic arsenic bonds occur on earth naturally in small amounts. Humans may be exposed to arsenic through food, water and air. Exposure may also occur through skin contact with soil or water that contains arsenic. Levels of arsenic in food are fairly low, as it is not added due to its toxicity. But levels of arsenic in fish and seafood may be high, because fish absorb arsenic from the water they live in. Luckily this is mainly the fairly harmless organic form of arsenic, but fish that contain significant amounts of inorganic arsenic may be a danger to human health. Arsenic exposure may be higher for people that work with arsenic, for people that live in houses that contain conserved wood of any kind and for those who live on farmlands where arsenic-containing pesticides have been applied in the past. Exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause various health effects, such as irritation of the stomach and intestines, decreased production of red and white blood cells, skin changes and lung irritation. It is suggested that the uptake of significant amounts of inorganic arsenic can intensify the chances of cancer development, especially the chances of development of skin cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and lymphatic cancer. A very high exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause infertility and miscarriages with women, and it can cause skin disturbances, declined resistance to infections, heart disruptions and brain damage with both men and women. Finally, inorganic arsenic can damage DNA. A lethal dose of arsenic oxide is generally regarded as 100 mg. Organic arsenic can cause neither cancer, nor DNA damage. But exposure to high doses may cause certain effects to human health, such as nerve injury and stomachaches. |
Environmental effects of arsenic
The arsenic cycle has broadened as a consequence of human interference and due to this, large amounts of arsenic end up in the environment and in living organisms. Arsenic is mainly emitted by the copper producing industries, but also during lead and zinc production and in agriculture. It cannot be destroyed once it has entered the environment, so that the amounts that we add can spread and cause health effects to humans and animals on many locations on earth. Plants absorb arsenic fairly easily, so that high-ranking concentrations may be present in food. The concentrations of the dangerous inorganic arsenics that are currently present in surface waters enhance the chances of alteration of genetic materials of fish. This is mainly caused by accumulation of arsenic in the bodies of plant-eating freshwater organisms. Birds eat the fish that already contain eminent amounts of arsenic and will die as a result of arsenic poisoning as the fish is decomposed in their bodies. Tim allen actor twitter. More information on properties of arsenic Read more on arsenic in water Information on arsenicosis |
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